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JWH-018 is a synthetic cannabinoid found in some versions of spice-herb blends. Illegal use of this spice cannabinoid focuses on its psychoactive effects that mimic the psychoactive effects of her Δ9-THC in cannabis. Buy JWH 018 online, JWH 018 drug, JWH 018 powder for sale, JWH 018 kaufen, Buy JWH 018 powder.

WH-018 is much more potent than comparable amounts of cannabis, but it also presents significant challenges to detection by common Δ9-THC test assays.

JWH-018 is a fully agonistic synthetic cannabinoid with high binding affinity for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors.

JWH-018 was not used therapeutically. Many of the risks associated with cannabis use are also present in JWH-018, including complications in patients with cardiovascular disease and the induction of acute psychosis.

JWH-018 was not used therapeutically. Studies in mice have shown anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of JWH-018.

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Synthetic cannabinoids are a new group of psychoactive substances with properties similar to Δ9-THC. Among the many synthetic cannabinoids set to be tested in clinical trials, JWH-018 was the first novel psychoactive substance discovered on the recreational drug market. Ingestion of JWH-018 shows effects typical of CB1 agonists, including sedation, cognitive impairment, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, ataxia, and psychotropic effects, but less than Δ9-THC. It appeared to be potent. However, studies on human cells have shown that the toxicity of JWH-018 is dependent on the cell line used. Despite these studies, the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of JWH-018 remain to be elucidated. To understand the effects of JWH-018 at the molecular and cellular level, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. The results suggest that yeast growth in the presence of this synthetic cannabinoid would increase glycolytic flux at the expense of decreasing the pentose phosphate pathway, as assessed by 2D gel proteomics analyses, qRT-PCR experiments, and ATP measurements. Overall, our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of action of JWH-018 and also indicate that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a good model for studying synthetic cannabinoids. increase.

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YNB Difco Yeast Nitrogen Base without amino acids, agar (Bacto) and peptone (Bacto) were obtained from Quilaban. Amino acids were obtained as mixtures from MPBiomedicals. Glucose, Tris-hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were purchased from Panreac. Bradford Reagent (Bio-Rad Protein Assay Dye Reagent Concentrate), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), ReadyPrep 2-D Kit, Urea, IPG Strips pH 3-10 NL, Iodoacetamide, Protein Markers (Precision Plus ProteinTM Standards Dual Color), FlamingoTM fluorescent gel stain was purchased from Bio-Rad. Thiourea was obtained from Millipore. CHAPS from BioChemica, Ampholyte (pH 3-10) from GE Healthcare, Dithiothreitol (DTT) from Amresco, Glycerol from Scharlau.

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The synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 [(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenyl-methanone] was obtained in powder form from Lipomed AG Switzerland with a purity greater than 98.5%. Stock solutions of this compound were prepared in 100% DMSO at various concentrations.
0.25mM, 2.50mM, 12.50mM, 18.75mM, 25.00mM.

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cell culture
This study was performed using S. cerevisiae cells (His BY4741 MATa; his3Δ1; leu2Δ0; met15Δ0; ura3Δ0 obtained from the Euro scarf collection (Frankfurt, Germany)). Yeast cells were precultured in YNB liquid medium (0.67% amino acid-free yeast nitrogen base, 2% glucose, necessary amino acids) at 30 °C with orbital stirring (200 rpm) for 6 h. After 6 hours, the optical density at 600 nm (OD600 nm) was measured and the culture was diluted to normalized OD600 nm=2×10 −3 (˜1.67×10 5 cells/ml) in the same medium. After 19 hours, new cultures were established at an initial normalized OD600nm = 0.03 (2.5 x 104 cells/ml) in the same medium for 24 hours under the same conditions.

Toxicity experiment
The cytotoxic properties of JWH-018 were investigated by assessing cell proliferation rate, cell viability and spot assay in the presence of SCs at 1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM, 75 μM and 100 μM. Growth assays were monitored at 30 °C and 600 nm for 24 hours using a Powerwave XS thermostatic microplate reader (Biotek) with readings every hour. Data were collected using Gene5 data analysis software. To count CFUs, collect several points during yeast growth, dilute on YPD agar plates (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glucose, 2% agar) and store at 30 °C for 2 minutes. Incubated for days.

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